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Related Concept Videos

Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
07:55

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 11, 2022

Break-induced replication forms long mutable single-strand DNA during meiosis.

Jerzy M Twarowski1,2, Juraj Kramara1,3, Gabriel J Seuferer4,5

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.

Nature Communications
|June 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Meiosis generates long single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) tracts, leading to mutation clusters. This highlights meiosis

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Preparation of Meiotic Chromosome Spreads from Mouse Oocytes for Assessment of Synapsis and Recombination

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
07:55

Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 11, 2022

Detection of DNA Double-Stranded Breaks in Mouse Oocytes
07:46

Detection of DNA Double-Stranded Breaks in Mouse Oocytes

Published on: June 23, 2023

Preparation of Meiotic Chromosome Spreads from Mouse Oocytes for Assessment of Synapsis and Recombination
09:24

Preparation of Meiotic Chromosome Spreads from Mouse Oocytes for Assessment of Synapsis and Recombination

Published on: July 18, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Meiosis involves homologous recombination (HR) for genetic shuffling and halving of genomic content.
  • HR during meiosis may be mutagenic, with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) from double-strand breaks (DSBs) proposed as a mutagenic source.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mutagenic potential of ssDNA formed during meiosis.
  • To identify the mechanisms responsible for ssDNA accumulation and mutagenesis during meiosis.

Main Methods:

  • Expression of human APOBEC3A (A3A) in meiotic yeast cells to detect and map ssDNA.
  • Analysis of mutation clusters to quantify ssDNA extent and identify associated genetic elements.
  • Investigating the role of Spo11-induced DSBs, break-induced replication, and hyper-resection in ssDNA formation.

Main Results:

  • Meiotic cells accumulate long ssDNA tracts, forming A3A-mutation clusters with up to 134 mutations over >25 kb.
  • Formation of these mutation clusters requires Spo11-induced DSBs.
  • Break-induced replication and hyper-resection of DSBs are key mechanisms for generating long meiotic ssDNA.
  • ssDNA accumulation occurs in promoters and tRNA genes, indicating additional mutagenesis sources.

Conclusions:

  • Meiosis possesses significant mutagenic potential, driven by the formation of extensive ssDNA.
  • Understanding these ssDNA-driven mutagenic mechanisms is crucial for insights into evolution and congenital diseases.
  • Spo11-induced DSBs, coupled with specific replication and resection pathways, underlie meiotic ssDNA accumulation and mutagenesis.