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Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Early Infancy: A Nationwide Population-Based Study of Prevalence and Care Utilization

Andrea Parra Buitrago1, Ranniery Acuña-Cordero2, Jefferson Antonio Buendía3

  • 1Departamento de Neumología Pediátrica, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Medellín, Medellín, Colombia.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|June 21, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) affects many infants in Colombia, with higher rates in males and those with contributive insurance. Administrative data proves valuable for tracking this evolving lung disease burden.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic lung disease in premature infants.
  • Epidemiological data on BPD in low- and middle-income countries are limited, hindering effective health system planning.
  • Existing studies often focus on neonatal intensive care unit cohorts, limiting generalizability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the prevalence and characterize temporal trends of BPD in Colombian infants under one year (2015-2024).
  • To identify sex-specific differences, health insurance disparities, and healthcare utilization patterns for BPD.
  • To assess the utility of administrative healthcare data for BPD surveillance.

Main Methods:

  • Nationwide retrospective population-based study using administrative healthcare data (RIPS) and population projections (DANE).
  • BPD cases identified via ICD-10 code P27.1; prevalence calculated per 100,000 infants.
  • Age-standardization using WHO standard population; temporal trends analyzed with LOESS and segmented regression.

Main Results:

  • Crude BPD prevalence was 149.0 per 100,000 infants, with similar age-standardized rates.
  • Prevalence was higher in males and infants with contributive health insurance.
  • Non-linear temporal trends observed, peaking around 2019-2020; increased pulmonology visits but limited advanced diagnostics.

Conclusions:

  • BPD poses a significant and dynamic population-level health burden in Colombia.
  • Administrative healthcare data provide a scalable method for BPD surveillance and health system planning in resource-limited settings.
  • The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and improved data collection for BPD management.
Abstract

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