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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Heart01:27

Development of the Heart

The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart tube by...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Analysis of Cardiac Chamber Development During Mouse Embryogenesis Using Whole Mount Epifluorescence
06:27

Analysis of Cardiac Chamber Development During Mouse Embryogenesis Using Whole Mount Epifluorescence

Published on: April 17, 2019

An Outflow Tract Myocardium-Specific Enhancer at the Sema3c Locus During Heart Development.

Yunce Wang1, Yukihiro Harada1, Tomoe Ueyama1,2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.

Genes to Cells : Devoted to Molecular & Cellular Mechanisms
|June 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a novel cardiac outflow tract (OFT) specific Sema3c enhancer crucial for heart development. This finding clarifies the regulatory mechanisms behind Sema3c expression in the developing mouse heart.

Keywords:
Sema3cmyocardiumoutflow tracttranscriptional regulation

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Gene Regulation

Background:

  • Sema3c is vital for cardiac outflow tract (OFT) polarization and great artery formation in developing mouse hearts.
  • The precise regulatory mechanisms controlling Sema3c's specific expression pattern in the OFT are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms driving OFT-specific Sema3c expression.
  • To identify and characterize novel regulatory elements controlling Sema3c in the developing heart.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of chromatin accessibility data from distinct embryonic heart segments.
  • Reporter gene assays in transgenic mouse embryos to validate enhancer activity.
  • Identification of minimal enhancer regions and key transcription factor binding sites.

Main Results:

  • A novel, distally located region was identified as a candidate OFT-specific Sema3c enhancer.
  • Reporter analysis confirmed specific and sustained transcriptional activity of this enhancer in the OFT myocardium from E8.5 onwards.
  • A minimal 603 bp enhancer was defined, demonstrating GATA binding site dependency.

Conclusions:

  • A novel distal enhancer regulates spatially restricted Sema3c expression in the cardiac outflow tract.
  • This enhancer plays a critical role in OFT development and great artery formation.
  • Understanding these regulatory mechanisms provides insight into congenital heart defects.