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Prevention, Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Infants, Children,

Jacquelyn M Powers1, Matthew M Heeney2, Jeffrey Hord3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center, Houston, Texas.

Pediatrics
|June 21, 2026
PubMed

Insights

This report offers updated strategies for preventing and diagnosing iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children. It provides guidance on screening, diagnosis, and treatment options, including oral and intravenous iron therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Hematology
  • Clinical Nutrition

Background:

  • Iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are common in children.
  • Causes include nutritional insufficiency, malabsorption, and blood loss.
  • These conditions affect children from birth through adolescence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide updated strategies for prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of ID and IDA in children.
  • To offer guidance for both generalists and subspecialists.
  • To cover various causes of iron deficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical strategies for ID and IDA prevention.
  • Emphasis on history, physical examination, and laboratory tests for diagnosis.
  • Discussion of treatment recommendations for different severities of IDA.

Main Results:

  • Updated recommendations for screening and diagnosis of pediatric ID and IDA.
  • Comprehensive treatment strategies for mild, moderate, and severe IDA.
  • Consideration of refractory or recurrent IDA cases.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of pediatric ID and IDA requires updated diagnostic and treatment approaches.
  • Oral and intravenous iron therapies are key treatment options.
  • Early detection and intervention are crucial for preventing long-term complications.

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