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Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...

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Analysis of Craniomaxillofacial Malformations in Mice Using Three-dimensional Microcomputed Tomography
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Distribution and morphological variation of septoclasts during mouse cranial base development.

Yasuhiko Bando1, Arata Nagasaka1, Miyuki Toda-Fujii1

  • 1Division of Histology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama, Japan.

Journal of Anatomy
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Septoclasts, cartilage-resorbing cells originating from pericytes, are crucial for cranial base development. These cells facilitate ossification center formation and cartilage resorption in synchondroses during embryonic and neonatal periods.

Keywords:
FABP5cranial baseendochondral ossificationmouseseptoclastssynchondrosis

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Craniofacial Development

Background:

  • Septoclasts are mononuclear cells responsible for cartilage resorption, primarily studied in long bone growth plates.
  • Their role in cranial base development, specifically in synchondroses, remains less understood.
  • Pericytes are identified as the precursor cells for septoclasts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the chronological immunolocalization of septoclast and pericyte markers in the developing mouse cranial base.
  • To elucidate the role of septoclasts in the morphogenesis of cranial base synchondroses.
  • To characterize septoclast morphology and distribution during embryonic and neonatal development.

Main Methods:

  • Immunohistochemical analysis of cell markers: epidermal fatty acid-binding protein (E-FABP, FABP5) and cathepsin B for septoclasts, platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) for pericytes, and endomucin for vascular endothelial cells.
  • Microscopic examination of the midline mouse cranial base during embryonic and neonatal periods.
  • Morphological assessment of septoclasts based on cell shape and cytoplasmic processes.

Main Results:

  • Septoclasts expressing FABP5, cathepsin B, and PDGFRβ were found adjacent to vascular endothelial cells (endomucin-positive).
  • In neonatal mice, septoclasts were located on the spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) and intersphenoidal synchondrosis (ISS), distributed along cartilage septa.
  • Mature septoclasts showed features of high resorptive activity, while immature septoclasts exhibited features of low resorptive activity.

Conclusions:

  • Septoclasts play a significant role in the distinct morphogenesis of the cranial base.
  • These cells contribute to cartilage resorption in synchondroses and the formation of ossification centers.
  • The findings highlight septoclasts as key players in cranial base skeletal development.