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Related Concept Videos

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
Ultrasonography01:17

Ultrasonography

Ultrasonography is an imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the body's internal structures. It is a non-invasive and safe procedure that does not involve the use of ionizing radiation, making it widely used in various medical fields. Ultrasonography is used to study heart function, blood flow in the neck or extremities, certain conditions such as gallbladder disease, and fetal growth and development.
During an ultrasonography procedure, a handheld device called a...
Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan01:25

Ultrasound II: Endoscopic Ultrasound and FibroScan

Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) and FibroScan are valuable diagnostic tools in gastroenterology and hepatology, each with specific applications and techniques.
Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS):
Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask01:26

Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask

The human body requires oxygen to function, and when the natural process of respiration is hindered, external devices, including the following, are needed to help deliver this vital gas.
Nasal Cannula
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split at one end into two prongs and placed in the nostrils. It is typically used to deliver low to medium levels of oxygen.
Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting:...
Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Enhancement of Facial Rejuvenation Through a Combination of 1565 nm Non-Ablative Fractional Laser with 30% Supramolecular Salicylic Acid
03:47

Enhancement of Facial Rejuvenation Through a Combination of 1565 nm Non-Ablative Fractional Laser with 30% Supramolecular Salicylic Acid

Published on: September 27, 2024

Exoshell-Assisted Fully Conformal Ultrasonic Facial Masks for Enhanced Transdermal Therapy.

Liang Guo1,2, Zanxin Zhou1,2, Yang Yu3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new ultrasonic facial mask achieves full skin contact using an exoshell design, improving transdermal drug delivery. This wearable technology offers comfortable, complete facial coverage for advanced skin treatments.

Keywords:
conformalitydrug deliveryskin conditionstretchable electronicsultrasound

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Wearable transdermal drug delivery systems are gaining interest for skin condition improvement.
  • Existing devices struggle with conformal contact on facial topography, limiting treatment efficacy.
  • Ultrasound-assisted delivery offers noninvasive enhancement of skin permeability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a fully conformal ultrasonic facial mask (FCUFM) for complete facial skin coverage.
  • To overcome limitations of existing wearable devices in achieving intimate contact with facial contours.
  • To enable effective, full-area transdermal drug delivery via ultrasound.

Main Methods:

  • An exoshell-assisted design was engineered to guide stretchable electronics for conformal contact.
  • The FCUFM was fabricated and encapsulated for scalable manufacturing.
  • Device performance (electrical, acoustic, thermal), biosafety (cytotoxicity, histology), and drug delivery efficacy (Franz diffusion, human trials) were systematically evaluated.

Main Results:

  • The FCUFM achieved full (~100%) midfacial coverage, significantly exceeding conventional methods (~51%).
  • The device demonstrated stable conformity with low surface pressure for comfortable wear.
  • Enhanced transdermal drug delivery was confirmed through in vitro and in vivo experiments, alongside proven biosafety.

Conclusions:

  • The exoshell-assisted FCUFM provides a scalable strategy for wearable therapeutic devices on complex 3D surfaces.
  • Curvature-adaptive ultrasonic platforms hold significant potential for advanced transdermal therapy and personalized skin treatment.
  • This technology advances wearable solutions for noninvasive skin treatment and drug delivery.