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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...

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Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
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Postural Analysis in Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction (TMJD) Patients: Correlation With Head and Neck Positioning.

Amir Jalal Abbasi1,2,3, Abbas Karimi2,3,4, Mahsa Sadat Seyedi Konjani5

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, tums.ac.ir.

International Journal of Dentistry
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Forward head posture, indicated by a lower craniovertebral angle (CVA), is linked to temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD). Age, bruxism, and clenching significantly correlate with this poor head-neck posture in TMJD patients.

Keywords:
bruxismclenchingcraniohorizontal anglecraniovertebral angleforward head postureposturetemporomandibular joint disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics and Dental Biomechanics
  • Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation
  • Medical Imaging and Biomechanics

Background:

  • The association between head-neck posture and temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) is debated due to inconsistent research findings.
  • This study investigated specific postural angles in TMJD patients versus healthy individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare craniohorizontal angle (CHA) and craniovertebral Angle (CVA) between TMJD patients and controls.
  • To identify postural factors associated with TMJD.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 65 TMJD patients and 65 controls (ages 18-50).
  • Analysis of head positioning angles (CHA and CVA) from photographs using Adobe Photoshop.
  • Statistical analysis included t-tests, chi-square tests, and multiple linear regression.

Main Results:

  • A significantly lower mean CVA (indicating forward head posture) was observed in TMJD patients (41.1°) compared to controls (56.83°).
  • No significant difference in CHA was found between groups.
  • Lower CVA was significantly associated with older age, bruxism, and clenching, explaining 77.8% of the variance.

Conclusions:

  • Forward head posture (lower CVA) is associated with TMJD.
  • Integrating postural assessment and management of parafunctional habits (bruxism, clenching) is crucial for TMJD treatment.