Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 23, 2026
09:16
A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration
Published on: January 22, 2016
Trauma History Among Patients Receiving Methadone Maintenance Treatment: Sex Differences, Characteristics, and
Einat Peles1,2,3, Anat Sason1, Miriam Adelson1
1Dr. Miriam & Sheldon G. Adelson Clinic for Drug Abuse, Treatment & Research, Psychiatry Department, Tel-Aviv Sourasky University Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation
|June 22, 2026
Summary
Trauma experiences differ by sex in opioid use disorder patients, but generally do not impact treatment retention. Rape history may be linked to shorter retention in males, warranting further study.
Area of Science:
- Addiction Medicine
- Psychiatry
- Trauma Studies
Background:
- Opioid use disorder (OUD) frequently co-occurs with trauma.
- Sex differences in trauma exposure and its impact on OUD treatment outcomes are not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate sex differences in trauma exposure, timing, and their association with long-term retention in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).
Main Methods:
- Analysis of intake data from 923 patients in MMT, assessing traumatic events and timing.
- Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox multivariate models were used to examine predictors of long-term retention.
Main Results:
- 74.4% of patients reported trauma; sex differences were observed in trauma timing and interpersonal trauma prevalence.
- Overall, trauma exposure and timing were not associated with comparable long-term retention between sexes.
- Rape history was associated with shorter retention in males, but not females.
Conclusions:
- While traumatic experiences vary by sex in OUD patients, they do not significantly alter overall treatment retention outcomes.
- Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm the association between rape history and shorter retention in males.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
01:28Amebiasis
Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
01:15Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
01:15Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
01:24Drug Toxicity: Risk factors
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
01:17Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions
Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...