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Effectiveness of Case-Based Learning Versus Lecture-Based Learning in Enhancing Critical Thinking and Retention in
Saanvee Makarand Sapte1, Krishna Dodia1, Rudraksh Sharma1
1Pharmacology, Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam Medical College, Belle Rive, MUS.
Cureus
|June 22, 2026
Summary
Medical students overwhelmingly preferred case-based learning (CBL) over lecture-based learning (LBL) for pharmacology education. CBL was found to be easier to follow and reduced confusion, enhancing student learning outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education
- Pharmacology Pedagogy
- Comparative Learning Strategies
Background:
- Pharmacology is a foundational medical science course.
- Traditional lecture-based learning (LBL) is a common teaching method.
- Evaluating alternative pedagogical approaches like case-based learning (CBL) is crucial for optimizing medical education.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the effectiveness of case-based learning (CBL) versus lecture-based learning (LBL) in pharmacology.
- To assess student preferences for CBL and LBL in a medical college setting.
- To identify factors influencing student preferences for different learning formats in pharmacology.
Main Methods:
- A mixed-methods cross-sectional study was conducted with medical students.
- Quantitative data on learning preferences were collected and analyzed using SPSS.
- Qualitative data were analyzed using NVivo software through inductive thematic analysis.
Main Results:
- A high response rate (94.64%) was achieved with 318 student participants.
- A significant majority of students preferred CBL over LBL, citing ease of understanding and reduced confusion.
- Clinical-phase students and male students showed a higher preference for CBL, particularly for its clarity and applicability.
Conclusions:
- Case-based learning (CBL) is generally preferred by medical students over lecture-based learning (LBL) for pharmacology.
- CBL facilitates clearer understanding and reduces confusion, positively impacting the learning experience.
- The findings support the integration of CBL as an effective pedagogical tool in medical pharmacology education.
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