Quercetin as a Natural Adjunct in Managing Plaque and Gingivitis in Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Gingivitis, a reversible inflammatory condition of the gingiva, is primarily caused by plaque accumulation. Chlorhexidine is the gold standard for plaque control, but it is associated with side effects on prolonged use. Quercetin, a natural flavonoid with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has shown promise in vitro, but clinical evidence remains limited. Aim To compare the effectiveness of quercetin mouthwash with chlorhexidine and placebo in reducing dental plaque accumulation and gingivitis. Materials and methods A triple-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted among 45 dental students aged 18-27 years, who were allocated to three groups: Quercetin (2%), chlorhexidine (0.2%), and placebo mouthwash. Plaque Index and Gingival Index were recorded at baseline, 15 days, and 30 days. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures two-way ANOVA with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Results Both quercetin and chlorhexidine groups demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in Gingival Index scores from baseline to 30 days (p < 0.001) compared to placebo. Plaque scores remained minimal in both groups, with no significant difference between quercetin and chlorhexidine at 15 and 30 days. Mild tooth staining was observed in the chlorhexidine group, while quercetin showed no adverse effects. Conclusion Quercetin mouthwash demonstrated efficacy alternative to chlorhexidine in reducing gingival inflammation and controlling plaque within the limits of this exploratory trial, without associated side effects, making it a promising natural alternative for long-term use. However, as formal non-inferiority testing was not performed, these findings should be interpreted as preliminary.