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Application of Bedside Lower Extremity Rehabilitation Robots in Stroke Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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Implementing a Weekend Inpatient Robotics Program Using the Plan-Do-Study-Act Method: A Quality Improvement

Trent Maruyama¹, Michelle Ashley¹, Lauralei Dirks²

¹Department of Rehabilitation Services, Neuro-Rehabilitation Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, USA.

|June 22, 2026

Summary

A student-assisted weekend robotics program in an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) proved feasible, safe, and highly acceptable to patients, enhancing therapy dosage and engagement.

Keywords:

occupational therapy quality improvement rehabilitation robotics weekend therapy

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Area of Science:

Rehabilitation Medicine
Robotics in Healthcare
Quality Improvement Science

Background:

Inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) aim to maximize patient functional recovery.
Enhancing therapy dosage and patient engagement are crucial for successful rehabilitation outcomes.
Weekend therapy programs can address gaps in care delivery within IRFs.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the feasibility, safety, and patient acceptability of a student-assisted weekend robotics program in an IRF.
To conduct an exploratory analysis of functional outcomes associated with the robotics program.
To evaluate the sustainability and potential for improvement of the program using a quality improvement framework.

Main Methods:

A quality improvement project utilizing the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) method was implemented.
A student-assisted weekend robotics program was developed and delivered by occupational therapists.
Patient data, including functional outcomes and satisfaction, were collected and analyzed.

Main Results:

Over 12 weeks, 55 patients received 120 robotic sessions, demonstrating improved shoulder flexion.
Patient satisfaction was high, with 98% positive feedback across diverse diagnoses (neurologic, pulmonary, orthopedic).
Data errors were identified, providing valuable insights for the quality improvement cycle.

Conclusions:

The weekend robotics program is sustainable and well-received, offering a means to increase therapy dosage and patient engagement.
Further PDSA cycles are approved, indicating program potential.
Methodological challenges in measurement, data collection, and training require refinement for future iterations.