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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
09:01

An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

Published on: December 10, 2013

IL-4-mediated monocyte differentiation modulates CD163 expression and PRRSV infection

Narae Kim1, Young-Jun Ju1, Yoon-Chul Kye1

  • 1Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|June 22, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) influences how monocytes develop, impacting their susceptibility to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). IL-4 helps control PRRSV infection by regulating immune cell responses.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Host immune status significantly impacts viral infection susceptibility.
  • The role of cytokine-driven innate immune cell differentiation in viral permissiveness is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of IL-4-mediated monocyte differentiation on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection.
  • To understand how IL-4 influences innate immune cell programming and viral permissiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Porcine monocytes were differentiated into monocyte-derived cells (MDCs) with or without IL-4, using GM-CSF.
  • PRRSV replication, CD163 expression, cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10), and T cell proliferation were analyzed.
  • In vivo studies correlated plasma IL-4 levels with alveolar MDC CD163 expression and CD8+ T cell proportions in PRRSV-infected pigs.

Main Results:

  • PRRSV replication was significantly higher in MDCs differentiated without IL-4, associated with increased CD163 expression.
  • IL-4 downregulated CD163 expression in an IL-4-dependent manner.
  • MDCs without IL-4 showed reduced TNF-α but elevated IL-6/IL-10, increased CD80/SLA-1, and impaired CD8+ T cell proliferation.
  • In vivo, lower IL-4 correlated with higher CD163 and fewer CD8+ T cells in PRRSV-infected pigs.

Conclusions:

  • IL-4-mediated innate immune programming regulates cellular permissiveness to PRRSV.
  • IL-4 may contribute to protective host immune responses against PRRSV infection by modulating monocyte differentiation and function.
Keywords:
CD163CD8+ T cellinterleukin-4 (IL-4)monocyte derived cell (MDC)porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)

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