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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Microfluidic Devices for Characterizing Pore-scale Event Processes in Porous Media for Oil Recovery Applications
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Dominant Controlling Factors and Displacement Performance in Heavy Oil Recovery Processes.

Han Cao1,2, Bo Huang1,2, Bo Jing1,2

  • 1China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) Research Institute Ltd., Beijing 100028, China.

ACS Omega
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding force competition in heavy oil recovery is key. Capillary forces dominate conventional flooding, while gravity and thermal effects drive super-heavy oil recovery, enabling optimized development.

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Area of Science:

  • Petroleum Engineering
  • Reservoir Engineering
  • Multiphase Flow

Background:

  • Heavy oil recovery involves complex multiphase flow (oil-water, oil-steam).
  • Viscous, capillary, and gravitational forces interplay, affecting oil recovery efficiency.
  • Understanding these forces is crucial for optimizing production strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a unified dimensionless framework for analyzing force competition in heavy oil reservoirs.
  • To quantitatively characterize the interactions among viscous, capillary, and gravitational forces.
  • To develop a predictive model for oil recovery in both conventional and super-heavy oil systems.

Main Methods:

  • Core-scale physical simulation experiments were conducted.
  • A dimensionless framework was developed to analyze force competition.
  • Residual oil variation was analyzed under diverse operational parameters (injection rates, temperature, permeability, steam quality, inclination).

Main Results:

  • Conventional heavy oil-water flooding is primarily controlled by capillary forces, showing a negative correlation with the modified capillary number.
  • Super-heavy oil-steam flooding is dominated by gravity-driven flow and thermal viscosity reduction.
  • A composite model based on the thermogravimetry number (N_TG) achieved high predictive accuracy (R=0.9692).

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a quantitative understanding of force competition in different heavy oil recovery scenarios.
  • The developed dimensionless framework and predictive model offer a basis for optimizing heavy oil reservoir development parameters.
  • Accurate characterization of dominant forces is essential for enhancing oil recovery efficiency.