Integrating EMI Shielding and Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting in PVDF Based Composite for Low Frequency Devices

The present work focuses on the development of Poly-(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) based polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) incorporated with dual filler to enhance their dielectric, piezoelectric and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance. The composites were fabricated by integrating GdFeO₃ nanoparticles (NPs) and two-dimensional (2D) Ti₃C₂T _x MXene into the PVDF matrix through a solution casting method. The effective generation of β-phase dominant PVDF and the uniform dispersion of nanofillers inside the matrix were validated by structural and morphological analysis. The crystallinity increased to 27.1%, while the β-phase fraction reached 76.6%, which is nearly 1.8 times that of the neat polymer, indicating the strong nucleating effect of MXene in promoting dipole alignment within the polymer matrix. The composite demonstrates a high dielectric constant of 46.4 at 100 Hz due to enhanced interfacial polarization, achieving a total energy density of 1.01 J cm^-3, indicating its strong potential for energy storage applications. The dual-filler composite exhibits a maximum EMI shielding effectiveness of ∼23 dB (nearly 3-fold higher than neat PVDF), while the optimized composite-based piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) efficiently rectifies the generated output to power 5-7 LEDs in series, demonstrating its multifunctional EMI shielding and energy harvesting capability for low-frequency device applications.