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Related Concept Videos

Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Enhancing Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Extracellular Vesicles (CAR-EV) Technology: The Future of Cancer Therapy
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CAR-T Therapy in HIV: Pioneering Advances and Navigating Challenges.

Xiao Wang1, Jianyang Liu2, Feike Hao1

  • 1School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Infectious Diseases & Immunity
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy shows promise for treating HIV by targeting reservoirs. This innovative approach combines CAR-T cells with other therapies for a potential functional cure.

Keywords:
AIDSCAR-THIVcell therapyfunctional cureimmune cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has proven effective in cancer treatment.
  • HIV therapy is exploring CAR-T cell applications to target viral reservoirs.
  • Broadly neutralizing antibodies and multi-target CARs enhance specificity against HIV.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role and potential of CAR-T cell therapy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment.
  • To highlight advancements in CAR-T targeting strategies and immune cell regulation for HIV therapy.
  • To discuss the integration of CAR-T therapy with other emerging treatments for a potential HIV cure.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on CAR-T cell therapy for HIV.
  • Analysis of advancements in CAR construct design and immune cell modulation.
  • Exploration of synergistic effects with gene editing, vaccines, and latency-reversing agents.

Main Results:

  • CAR-T therapy offers a novel strategy to overcome clinical obstacles in HIV treatment.
  • Advancements in targeting strategies and immune cell regulation are crucial for efficacy.
  • Synergistic approaches with other biotechnologies show potential for a functional HIV cure.

Conclusions:

  • CAR-T cell therapy is a promising frontier in HIV treatment, with potential for a functional cure.
  • Further research into targeting strategies, immune cell regulation, and combination therapies is warranted.
  • Addressing challenges in manufacturing and understanding immune microenvironments are key for clinical translation.