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  1. Home
  3. Histologically Informed Multiscale Modeling Of The Neuronal Elements Activated By Tms.
  1. Home
  3. Histologically Informed Multiscale Modeling Of The Neuronal Elements Activated By Tms.

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Histologically Informed Multiscale Modeling of the Neuronal Elements Activated by TMS.

Torge H Worbs, Jesper D Nielsen, Boshuo Wang

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |June 22, 2026

    View abstract on PubMed

    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Myelinated axon bends in the human brain are likely the primary neural targets for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). This finding, based on advanced computational models and histology, clarifies how TMS activates neurons.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Computational Biology
    • Biophysics

    Background:

    • The precise neural elements activated by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are not well understood.
    • Computational models are limited by incomplete histological data on neural tissue micro-organization.
    • High-resolution electron microscopy, like the H01 dataset, offers detailed axon morphology and myelination patterns.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To systematically compare potential TMS-activated neural sites using computer simulations.
    • To incorporate extensive histological measurements, including neuron models from the H01 dataset.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a pipeline to create realistic multi-compartment neuron models from electron microscopy data.
    • Simulated extracted neuron models and parameterized structures (e.g., "ball-and-two-sticks", bends) under uniform electric fields.
  • Evaluated activation thresholds of myelinated axons in a realistic human head model.

    • Main Results:

    • Axon terminations require unrealistic full myelination for TMS excitation.
    • Partial myelination significantly increases activation thresholds.
    • Myelinated axon bends transitioning from cortex to white matter show low activation thresholds.
    • These thresholds align with physiological ranges and experimental motor thresholds.

    Conclusions:

    • Myelinated axons bending from cortex to superficial white matter are identified as potential TMS neural targets.
    • Detailed histological and biophysical data are crucial for accurate TMS modeling.