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Related Concept Videos

Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
Sensory Functions of the Skin01:16

Sensory Functions of the Skin

The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
There are two main categories of receptors on the skin: capsulated and non-capsulated. The non-capsulated ones are mainly the pain receptors. The capsulated ones can be further categorized based on the...
Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

Tactile and Chemical Senses

Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex. This...
Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis01:20

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.
Several...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Cold Sensitivity and Adaptation in Mice
08:35

A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Cold Sensitivity and Adaptation in Mice

Published on: March 17, 2015

Illusory cold desensitizes touch.

Juan Carlos Ramirez, Jose Vergara, Brandon Kim

    Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
    |June 22, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Cold exposure numbs touch through both physical effects and subjective perception. This study shows that even illusory cold, without physical change, impairs tactile sensitivity, demonstrating the brain

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    A Simple and Inexpensive Method for Determining Cold Sensitivity and Adaptation in Mice
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    Novel Assay for Cold Nociception in Drosophila Larvae
    06:52

    Novel Assay for Cold Nociception in Drosophila Larvae

    Published on: April 3, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Somatosensation
    • Psychophysics

    Background:

    • Cold exposure traditionally linked to tactile desensitization via biophysical effects on mechanoreceptors.
    • Sensory perception is influenced by prior beliefs and expectations, not just direct sensory input.
    • The role of subjective cold experience in modulating touch perception remains underexplored.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate whether subjective perception of coldness, independent of physical cooling, affects tactile sensitivity.
    • To dissociate physical and subjective influences of cooling on touch perception.
    • To model the combined effects of physical and subjective factors on cold-induced touch attenuation.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the Thermal Referral Illusion to induce illusory cold in the middle finger without physical cooling.
    • Measured tactile detection thresholds on the middle finger under conditions of veridical and illusory cold.
    • Developed a computational model simulating afferent spiking activity and decision computations.

    Main Results:

    • Both veridical and illusory cold elevated tactile detection thresholds.
    • Threshold elevations correlated with subjective ratings of cold intensity, independent of skin temperature changes.
    • The computational model successfully replicated empirical findings on afferent responses and psychophysical detection patterns.

    Conclusions:

    • Subjective thermal perception significantly contributes to cold-induced attenuation of touch.
    • This highlights the role of multimodal integration and expectations in shaping somatosensation.
    • Findings underscore the complex interplay between physical stimuli and cognitive factors in sensory processing.