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In fluid mechanics, buoyancy and stability are key concepts for understanding the behavior of submerged and floating bodies. When a stationary body is fully or partially submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts a force on the body known as the buoyant force. This force acts vertically upward through a point called the center of buoyancy, which is the center of the displaced fluid volume. According to Archimedes' principle, the magnitude of the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid...

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Cardiac Muscle-cell Based Actuator and Self-stabilizing Biorobot - PART 1
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Magnetically Driven Elastic Microswimmers: Exploiting Hysteretic Collapse for Autonomous Propulsion and Independent

Theo Lequy1, Andreas M Menzel2

  • 1Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Rämistrasse 101 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.

ACS Nanoscience Au
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel microswimmer using magnetic fields for propulsion at low Reynolds numbers. This method utilizes symmetry breaking and nonreciprocal motion for efficient, controllable movement, enabling potential medical applications.

Keywords:
Stokes flowmagnetic remote actuationmicrorobotmicroswimmersoft roboticstargeted drug delivery

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Area of Science:

  • * Soft robotics and micro-robotics
  • * Biophysics and microfluidics
  • * Materials science and nanotechnology

Background:

  • * Achieving net motion in low Reynolds number environments requires breaking symmetry, as reciprocal movements are insufficient.
  • * Magnetic fields offer a versatile method for remote actuation and directed swimming of microscale devices.
  • * Existing microswimming strategies often face limitations in control and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To design and analyze a novel microswimmer capable of propulsion at low Reynolds numbers using oscillating magnetic fields.
  • * To investigate the mechanism of nonreciprocal motion through induced hysteretic collapse of swimmer segments.
  • * To optimize swimmer geometry and magnetic field parameters for maximum swimming speed.

Main Methods:

  • * Modeling the motion of a three-bead, two-link magnetizable microswimmer under oscillating magnetic fields.
  • * Analyzing higher-order hydrodynamic interactions leading to net displacement.
  • * Employing an evolutionary optimization strategy to tune swimmer geometry and magnetic field characteristics.

Main Results:

  • * Demonstrated a swimming mechanism based on reversible hysteretic collapse of swimmer segments, inducing nonreciprocal motion.
  • * Achieved net displacement per cycle due to induced hydrodynamic interactions.
  • * Optimized swimmer design and magnetic field parameters for enhanced swimming speed.

Conclusions:

  • * The developed microswimmer design offers a feasible route for experimental realization.
  • * Independent control of multiple microswimmers using a single magnetic field is achievable.
  • * This technology holds promise for micro-interventions, including targeted drug delivery.