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The Origin and Application of Cardiomyocyte-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles: A Systematic Review
Shaojiao Liu1, Yu Teng1, Sha Su1
1Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China.
International Journal of Medical Sciences
|June 22, 2026
Summary
Cardiomyocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (CM-sEVs) are key in cardiovascular disease communication. This review identifies CM-sEVs markers and cargo, aiding their diagnostic and therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Research
- Extracellular Vesicle Biology
- Molecular Medicine
Background:
- Cardiomyocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (CM-sEVs) mediate intercellular communication in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
- Their origin-tracing markers, molecular signatures, and clinical applications require systematic synthesis.
- This review addresses these knowledge gaps.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively evaluate CM-sEVs-specific markers.
- To analyze disease-associated cargo alterations in CM-sEVs.
- To elucidate the roles of CM-sEVs in intercellular communication within CVDs.
Main Methods:
- A PRISMA-guided systematic search across major databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library).
- Independent study screening, data extraction, and quality assessment by two investigators.
- Systematic analysis of data from 34 included studies.
Main Results:
- Ldb3, Ambra1, and CD172a identified as potential CM-sEVs origin-tracing markers; miR-208a, cTnT/Tnnt2, and α-MHC/Myh6 as auxiliary markers.
- CD172a, Ambra1, miR-9-5p, and lncRNA HCG15 show diagnostic/prognostic potential in CVD populations.
- CM-sEVs regulate fibrosis, angiogenesis, autophagy, and immune responses via cardiomyocyte-noncardiomyocyte communication.
Conclusions:
- This review synthesizes evidence on CM-sEVs markers, cargo, and intercellular communication roles.
- Provides a theoretical basis for CM-sEVs identification and translational applications in cardiovascular diseases.
- Highlights the potential of CM-sEVs as biomarkers and therapeutic mediators in CVDs.
