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Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Published on: July 4, 2007

ADULT-ONSET RASMUSSEN ENCEPHALITIS MIMICKING CHRONIC CEREBRAL INFARCT - A CASE REPORT.

S J Ayilara1, O I Lawrence2, A I Makanjuola3

  • 1Department of Radiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rasmussen Encephalitis (RE) is a rare brain disease. Adult-onset RE can mimic stroke on MRI, underscoring the need for prompt diagnosis through characteristic imaging and EEG findings to guide treatment.

Keywords:
EEGEpilepsia partialis continuaMRIRasmussenSeizure

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A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease
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Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

Published on: April 28, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Rasmussen Encephalitis (RE) is a rare, chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory brain disease.
  • It causes progressive unilateral cerebral atrophy, neurological deterioration, and drug-resistant focal seizures.
  • While typically seen in children, adult-onset cases are increasingly reported, predominantly in females.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case of adult-onset Rasmussen Encephalitis.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and imaging mimics of RE.
  • To emphasize the importance of early and accurate diagnosis for timely treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Case presentation of an adult female with Rasmussen Encephalitis.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) review.
  • Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis.

Main Results:

  • The patient's condition was initially misdiagnosed as a chronic cerebral infarct on MRI.
  • Subsequent imaging revealed characteristic features of RE, including progressive unilateral cortical atrophy and hemisphere-specific signal changes.
  • Distinctive radiological and EEG findings are key to diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Adult-onset RE presents diagnostic challenges, potentially mimicking chronic vascular insults on imaging.
  • Awareness of characteristic radiological and EEG features is crucial for early and accurate diagnosis.
  • Timely diagnosis facilitates appropriate therapy, potentially slowing disease progression and preserving neurological function.