Body art among Saudi youth: a cross-sectional study of knowledge, practices, and health risks

Body art, including body piercing and tattooing, has evolved from cultural and religious practices to mainstream forms of self-expression. This trend is evident globally and particularly among young adults in Saudi Arabia, where traditional values are being influenced by globalization and digital media. This study aims to assess awareness, attitudes, and practices regarding body piercing and tattooing among young adults in Saudi Arabia.

A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online self-administered questionnaire distributed to young adults who have undergone body piercing and/or tattooing across all regions of Saudi Arabia. The study employed a final sample of 1,472 participants, calculated to account for a 20% non-response rate. Findings may not generalize to rural populations due to the online sampling method. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 28.0.

The majority of participants (77.31%) were aware of health risks related to body art, though only 37.37% recognized non-infectious complications. Safety concerns were prevalent, with 77.45% doubting the hygiene standards of body art procedures. Ear piercings were the most common (83.69%), while tattoos and other piercings were less frequent. Interest in future body art was low among those without prior experience. Significant associations were found between age, gender, and perceptions of body art risks and practices.

The study highlights a significant awareness gap regarding non-infectious risks associated with body art among young adults in Saudi Arabia. There is an urgent need for targeted public education and stricter regulation to ensure safe practices. The findings suggest that while awareness of risks exists, further education and improved safety standards are crucial to addressing the evolving trends in body art practices.