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Related Concept Videos

Crossover Experiments01:16

Crossover Experiments

Crossover experiments, also called the repeated-measurements design, is a study design in which all experimental units are exposed to all treatments in different periods. Crossover experiments are generally used in psychology, the pharmaceutical industry, agriculture, and medicine.
Crossover designs are performed even with smaller sample sizes since the samples can act as their controls. These are better than simple randomized trials since patients are exposed to all the treatments.
Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs01:15

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs

Bioequivalence experimental study designs play a pivotal role in testing the effectiveness of various treatments. Key among these are the repeated measures, cross-over, carry-over, and Latin square designs. In the repeated measures design, each subject receives all treatments, allowing for temporal comparisons. This type of design is useful in reducing variability but requires careful planning to avoid bias.The cross-over design, an economical method, involves sequential administration of...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players
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Effects of a Novel Neuromuscular Training Intervention on Jump, Sprint, and Change of Direction in Adult Female Soccer Players

Published on: June 10, 2025

Scheduling Repeated-Sprint Training on Different Microcycle Days in Professional Soccer Players: A Randomized

Alberto García-Santamaría1, Alexis Padrón-Cabo1, Diego Fernández-Penedo1

  • 1Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Scheduling repeated-sprint training (RST) earlier in the microcycle, rather than closer to match day, may optimize recovery. Performing RST on match day minus 3 (MD-3) resulted in higher muscle soreness compared to match day minus 4 (MD-4).

Keywords:
fatiguefootballperformanceperiodizationrepeated-sprint ability

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Published on: May 26, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Soccer Performance

Background:

  • Repeated-sprint training (RST) is a common method for enhancing anaerobic performance in soccer.
  • Optimal scheduling of RST within the microcycle is crucial for player recovery and performance.
  • Understanding the acute responses to RST based on its timing relative to match day is essential for coaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the acute neuromuscular, mechanical, and perceptual responses to RST performed on MD-4 versus MD-3 in professional soccer players.
  • To determine the impact of RST timing on training load, jump performance, muscle soreness, and recovery status.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for scheduling RST in professional soccer microcycles.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized crossover design involving 17 male professional outfield soccer players.
  • Players completed two microcycles, performing a high-volume RST protocol (3x10x30m) on either MD-4 or MD-3, with a 1-week washout period.
  • Measurements included external (GPS) and internal (RPE) training loads, countermovement jump height, muscle mechanical properties (MyotonPRO), and perceptual markers (TQR, Hooper Index).

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in training load were observed between MD-4 and MD-3 RST conditions.
  • Countermovement jump performance decreased significantly post-RST in both conditions.
  • Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and fatigue increased post-RST, with significantly higher DOMS reported after MD-3 RST.
  • Total quality recovery scores decreased significantly post-RST, with no changes in muscle tone, stiffness, or elasticity.

Conclusions:

  • While RST elicits similar training loads regardless of microcycle timing, performing it closer to match day (MD-3) may lead to increased residual muscle soreness.
  • Coaches should consider scheduling high-intensity RST earlier in the microcycle (e.g., MD-4) to allow for adequate recovery and optimize match-day readiness.
  • Further research could explore different RST volumes and intensities in relation to microcycle timing.