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Mixed Reality Technology in Cranial and Spinal Neurosurgery From 2016 to 2025: A Bibliometric Analysis
Yuzhu Chen1, Jiahui Yu2, Jingyi Bai3
1From School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College.
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|June 22, 2026
Summary
Mixed reality (MR) is rapidly advancing in neurosurgery, shifting towards clinical applications like surgical navigation and training. This study analyzes MR research trends to guide future innovation and collaboration in cranial and spinal procedures.
Area of Science:
- Neurosurgery
- Medical Technology
- Computer-Assisted Surgery
Background:
- Mixed reality (MR) technology is increasingly integrated into medical fields.
- Its application in neurosurgery, particularly for cranial and spinal procedures, requires systematic analysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically clarify the research status, developmental trends, and hot frontiers of mixed reality technology in cranial and spinal neurosurgery.
- To provide quantitative references and scientific guidance for future research and development in this domain.
Main Methods:
- Bibliometric and visual analyses of 1006 publications from 2016-2025.
- Utilized Web of Science Core Collection, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer for systematic evaluation.
- Examined publication trends, geographical distribution, institutions, authors, journals, and keyword evolution.
Main Results:
- Significant growth in annual publications, with the United States leading research output.
- Johns Hopkins University, University of Zurich, and Karolinska Institutet identified as core institutions.
- Research focus shifted towards clinical efficacy, accuracy, and navigation system optimization, with spinal surgical navigation and neurosurgical training as key hotspots.
Conclusions:
- Mixed reality in neurosurgery is at a critical stage of rapid development and clinical translation.
- Findings offer valuable insights for academic research, technological innovation, and international cooperation in MR neurosurgery.

