Related Experiment Videos
A Multidimensional Approach to Measure Structural Racism and Its Association with Fatal and Nonfatal Community
Loren L Adams1, Rashelle J Musci2, Vanya Jones2
1Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. Ladams46@alumni.jh.edu.
Summary
Structural racism significantly impacts health inequities. This study developed a multidimensional measure of structural racism (MMSR) at the census tract level in NYC, finding disadvantaged profiles were linked to higher firearm violence rates.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Sociology
- Urban Studies
Background:
- Structural racism is a key driver of health disparities.
- Previous measures of structural racism often used single indicators or large geographic areas.
- There is a need to understand structural racism's multidimensionality at a granular level, like census tracts.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a multidimensional measure of structural racism (MMSR) at the census tract level in New York City.
- To examine the association between different profiles of structural racism and community firearm violence.
- To capture the heterogeneity of structural racism across small geographic areas.
Main Methods:
- A latent profile model was employed using indicators from criminal justice, economic status, education, employment, and housing/segregation domains.
- Data were collected for 2219 NYC census tracts between 2018-2022.
- The MMSR's association with fatal and nonfatal community firearm violence was assessed using statistical tests.
Main Results:
- Five distinct multidimensional structural racism profiles were identified in NYC.
- Three profiles were characterized as disadvantaged (higher Black populations, lower income) and two as advantaged.
- Disadvantaged structural racism profiles were significantly associated with higher rates of community firearm violence.
Conclusions:
- Structural racism is complex and varies significantly even at the census tract level.
- The developed MMSR effectively captures this complexity and its association with violence.
- Understanding these granular patterns is crucial for addressing health inequities and violence.
Related Concept Videos
02:55Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who are...
01:25Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding
Confounding is a critical issue in epidemiological studies, often leading to misleading conclusions about associations between exposures and outcomes. It occurs when the relationship between the exposure and the outcome is mixed with the effects of other factors that influence the outcome. Given that, addressing confounding is of high importance for drawing accurate inferences in research.
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...
01:29Bias in Epidemiological Studies
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
01:50Cross-Sectional Research
In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
01:05Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Introduction
It is far more common for collisions to occur in two dimensions; that is, the initial velocity vectors are neither parallel nor antiparallel to each other. Let's see what complications arise from this. The first idea is that momentum is a vector. Like all vectors, it can be expressed as a sum of perpendicular components (usually, though not always, an x-component and a y-component, and a z-component if necessary). Thus, when the statement of conservation of momentum is written for a problem,...
02:16Surveys
Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.