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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
The Electrical Double Layer01:30

The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
Theory of Strong Electrolytes01:23

Theory of Strong Electrolytes

The interionic forces of the strong electrolytes depend on the solvent's dielectric constant, which is the ability of a solvent to store electrical energy, based on its polarizability. and the solution's concentration. In high-dielectric solvents and in dilute solutions, weak electrostatic forces keep ions apart. However, in low-dielectric solvents or concentrated solutions, stronger interionic forces may cause ions to pair up as ionic doublets despite being fully ionized. The theory of strong...
Electrochemical Systems01:24

Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical systems provide a fascinating insight into the dynamic interplay of charged species within various phases. One notable example is the interaction between a membrane permeable to K⁺ ions but not to Cl⁻ ions, separating an aqueous KCl solution from pure water. As K⁺ ions diffuse through the membrane, they generate net charges on each phase, leading to a potential difference between them.Similarly, when a piece of Zn is immersed in an aqueous ZnSO₄ solution, the Zn metal, composed...
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

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Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
05:33

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

Halide-Based Solid Electrolytes for Advanced All-Solid-State Batteries: Design, Interfaces, and Electrochemical

Shivaraju Guddehalli Chandrappa1, Gerardo Morell2, Ram S Katiyar3

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00931, USA. shivugc123@gmail.com.

Nano-Micro Letters
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Halide-based solid electrolytes offer promising performance for all-solid-state batteries due to their stability and conductivity. This review explores their structure, synthesis, and strategies to overcome challenges for next-generation batteries.

Keywords:
All-solid-state batteriesHalide-based solid electrolytesHigh-voltage-based batteriesInterfacial stabilityLithium-ion batteriesPost-lithium-ion batteries

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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
10:03

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Batteries

Background:

  • Halide-based solid electrolytes (HSEs) are emerging as superior alternatives to traditional solid electrolytes in all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs).
  • HSEs exhibit wide electrochemical windows, good ionic conductivity, and improved air stability, making them attractive for advanced energy storage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in halide-based solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries.
  • To analyze the structure-property relationships influencing ion transport and interfacial stability in HSEs.
  • To identify research pathways for developing scalable, high-performance HSEs for next-generation ASSBs.

Main Methods:

  • Categorization of HSEs based on central metal chemistry.
  • Examination of factors affecting ionic conductivity and stability.
  • Investigation of synthesis methods (mechanochemical, co-melting, wet-chemical) for phase formation, scalability, and defect control.
  • Analysis of strategies like bilayer and dual-electrolyte design for interface engineering.

Main Results:

  • HSEs show potential for high ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability, crucial for ASSBs.
  • Interfacial instability, conductivity-stability trade-offs, mechanical issues, and cost remain significant challenges.
  • Synthesis methods impact microstructure and device performance metrics like critical current density and area-specific resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Despite challenges, HSEs are a promising class of materials for next-generation all-solid-state batteries.
  • Interface engineering and optimized synthesis are key to unlocking the full potential of HSEs.
  • Further research is needed to address remaining hurdles for scalable, high-performance applications.