HMGA1 And HAND1 Expression And Their Significance In Laryngeal Cancer Tissues

This study investigated the expression profiles of the HMGA1 and HAND1 genes in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) as well as in adjacent normal laryngeal mucosal tissues through the application of immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR methodologies. The objective was to investigate their possible roles in the initiation, advancement, invasion, and metastasis of LSCC. Both HMGA1 and HAND1 were detected in cancerous and adjacent normal tissues. Nevertheless, HMGA1 demonstrated a significantly elevated expression in LSCC tissues, while HAND1 displayed considerably reduced expression levels. Elevated HMGA1 expression was positively associated with lymph node metastasis (100.0% vs. 50.0%) and advanced clinical stage (91.7% vs. 44.4%), but was not associated with tumor histological grade, clinical type, or patient age. In contrast, reduced HAND1 protein expression was associated with lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, and pathological grade, suggesting a role in tumor progression and metastasis. Furthermore, a linear negative correlation was noted between the expressions of HMGA1 and HAND1, suggesting a potential regulatory interaction in which HMGA1 may suppress HAND1 expression. These results imply that HMGA1 and HAND1 have complementary functions in the pathogenesis of LSCC, with HMGA1 potentially facilitating tumor development and HAND1 serving as a suppressor. The interaction between these two genes may offer new perspectives on the molecular mechanisms that drive LSCC progression and metastasis.