[Can Aedes aegypti, vector of the dengue virus, be controlled in Argentina?]

Since 2009, Argentina has faced recurrent dengue outbreaks, with a notable incidence increase during the 2023-2024 season. Despite following the guidelines from the Pan American Health Organization for controlling the Aedes aegypti mosquito, the disease remains a significant health problem. This review article analyzes the efficacy of the recommended actions and emphasizes the need for operational research to improve implementation. The Control de Aedes aegypti in Argentina traditional approach focuses on prevention, control and containment actions, including environmental sanitation, monitoring and focal control. However, limitations have been identified, such as the presence of asymptomatic cases contributing to arbovirus transmission, mosquito insecticide resistance, and insufficient community participation in eliminating breeding sites. Alternative control measures that have shown effectiveness in other countries are described, such as the autodissemination of larvicides, the release of mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia, the sterile insect technique, indoor residual spraying, and mass trapping. These innovative strategies need to be systematically evaluated to determine their effectiveness. The persistence of dengue outbreaks indicates that current strategies are insufficient. It is essential to integrate alternative approaches and foster collaboration among health agencies, researchers, and the community to improve dengue control in Argentina and prevent future outbreaks.