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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
Eddy Currents01:25

Eddy Currents

Since eddy currents occur only in conductors, magnets can separate metals from other materials. For example, in a recycling center, trash is dumped in batches down a ramp, beneath which lies a powerful magnet. Conductors in the trash are slowed by eddy currents, while nonmetals in the trash move on, separating from the metals. This works for all metals, not just ferromagnetic ones.
Other major applications of eddy currents appear in metal detectors and the braking systems of trains and roller...
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...

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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals
07:03

Measuring Magnetically-Tuned Ferroelectric Polarization in Liquid Crystals

Published on: August 15, 2018

Nonlinear Magnetoelectric Edelstein Effect.

Jinxiong Jia1,2,3, Longjun Xiang2, Zhenhua Qiao1,3

  • 1University of Science and Technology of China, International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials, and Department of Physics, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

Physical Review Letters
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We introduce the nonlinear magnetoelectric Edelstein effect (NMEE), a novel way to create spin magnetization using both electric and magnetic fields. This quantum-geometric mechanism offers new pathways for antiferromagnetic spintronics.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Spintronics
  • Quantum Magnetism

Background:

  • Spin magnetization generation typically relies on electric fields via Edelstein effects.
  • A need exists for novel mechanisms to control spin in magnetic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and investigate the nonlinear magnetoelectric Edelstein effect (NMEE) as a new method for generating spin magnetization.
  • To explore the quantum geometric origins and components of the NMEE.
  • To demonstrate the potential applications in antiferromagnetic spintronics.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical proposal of the NMEE.
  • Symmetry analysis to distinguish intrinsic and extrinsic components.
  • Investigation using models like the Kane-Mele model.
  • Analysis of antiferromagnetic materials (e.g., CuMnAs).

Main Results:

  • The NMEE utilizes cooperative electric and magnetic fields to produce spin magnetization.
  • Intrinsic NMEE arises from the spin-space Berry curvature dipole, inducing Néel spin-orbit torque.
  • Extrinsic NMEE originates from the spin-space quantum metric dipole, enabling detection of Néel-vector reversal.
  • The intrinsic NMEE is shown to be effective even in insulating systems.

Conclusions:

  • The NMEE provides a distinct quantum-geometric route for spin magnetization generation.
  • This effect offers new possibilities for manipulating and probing magnetic order.
  • The findings pave the way for advancements in antiferromagnetic spintronics.