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Related Concept Videos

Level Curves and Contour Maps01:22

Level Curves and Contour Maps

Level curves and contour maps provide a way to visualize functions of two variables on a two-dimensional plane. A useful example is a topographic map, where curved lines represent locations that share the same elevation. In mathematics, these curves are called level curves or contour lines. Each contour line corresponds to points in the domain where the function has a constant value. For a function of two variables written as z = f(x,y), a level curve is defined by the equation f(x,y) = k,...
Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells

After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
However, failure of such a system...
Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular cells,...
Hypodermis01:02

Hypodermis

The hypodermis (the subcutaneous layer or superficial fascia) is present directly below the dermis. It connects the skin to the underlying fascia (fibrous tissue) of the bones and muscles. It is not strictly a part of the skin, although the border between the hypodermis and dermis can be difficult to distinguish. The hypodermis consists of well-vascularized, loose, areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue, which functions as a mode of fat storage and provides insulation and cushioning for...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

An Experimental Human DIEP Flap Model to Investigate Preservation Strategies for Vascularized Composite Allografts and Free Flaps
07:57

An Experimental Human DIEP Flap Model to Investigate Preservation Strategies for Vascularized Composite Allografts and Free Flaps

Published on: December 5, 2025

Neck Contouring Prejuvenation Techniques.

Emily Reynolds1, Thuy-Van T Ho1,2

  • 1Tina Ho, MD Facial Plastic Surgery, Facial Plastic Surgery, Pennsylvania, United States, Wayne.

Facial Plastic Surgery : FPS
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neck lift and submental liposuction are key surgical techniques for prejuvenation neck contouring in younger adults. These procedures optimize neck definition by addressing early signs of aging and improving jawline aesthetics.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

An Experimental Human DIEP Flap Model to Investigate Preservation Strategies for Vascularized Composite Allografts and Free Flaps
07:57

An Experimental Human DIEP Flap Model to Investigate Preservation Strategies for Vascularized Composite Allografts and Free Flaps

Published on: December 5, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Aesthetic Medicine

Background:

  • Traditional neck rejuvenation involved platysmaplasty, fat excision, and skin resuspension.
  • Growing demand for early intervention has increased popularity of definitive sculpting techniques like submental liposuction and deep neck lifts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss prejuvenation neck contouring techniques, emphasizing neck lift and submental liposuction for enhanced neck definition.

Main Methods:

  • Surgical neck contouring is ideal for patients aged 20-40 with early submental fullness or a soft jawline and good skin elasticity.
  • The deep neck lift technique involves sculpting subplatysmal fat, anterior digastric muscle, and submandibular glands via a small submental incision.

Main Results:

  • Neck lift and submental liposuction are effective for optimizing neck definition in younger adults.
  • Postoperative care includes a bland diet for one week, activity restriction for two weeks, and proper wound care.

Conclusions:

  • Neck lift and submental liposuction are the primary surgical methods for effective neck contouring in younger adults seeking prejuvenation.