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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism

Published on: March 27, 2012

Pediatric Autism Identification in Primary Care From 2013 to 2023.

Vincent Sutherland¹, Toby D Hocking², David C Folch¹

¹Northern Arizona University (V Sutherland, DC Folch, and OJ Lindly), Flagstaff, Ariz.

Academic Pediatrics

|June 22, 2026

Summary

Primary care providers (PCPs) are increasingly identifying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children, especially Hispanic and low-income families. However, PCPs still represent a minority of initial ASD diagnoses, with diagnosis age remaining stable.

Keywords:

National Survey of Children’s Health autism spectrum disorder diagnosis health disparities identification pediatrics primary care

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism

Eye Tracking Young Children with Autism

Published on: March 27, 2012

Area of Science:

Pediatric healthcare
Developmental pediatrics
Public health

Background:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis typically relies on specialists, but access is limited by waitlists and shortages.
Primary care providers (PCPs) are often the first point of contact for families and can identify early developmental concerns.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if PCPs are increasingly identified as the first providers to diagnose ASD in children.
To analyze disparities in PCP-led ASD identification based on race, ethnicity, and income.

Main Methods:

Analysis of National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) data from 2013-2023.
Use of generalized estimating equations to assess trends in PCP-led ASD identification.
Inclusion of child's diagnostic age, race, ethnicity, and household income as covariates.

Main Results:

The percentage of families first told their child has ASD by a PCP increased from 10.7% to 21.5% between 2013-2023.
Statistically significant increases in PCP identification were observed after 2018, particularly for Hispanic and low-income children.
The average age of diagnosis remained stable at 5.3 years.

Conclusions:

PCPs are a growing, yet still minority, source for initial ASD identification.
Recent years show increased PCP involvement, especially for underserved populations.
Diagnostic age for ASD has not changed despite shifts in identification sources.