Overcoming insecticide resistance in thrips: a review of mechanisms and synergistic management tactics

A few key species of Thrips (Thysanoptera) pose a global threat as destructive pests and virus transmitters. Their reproductive plasticity and rapid evolution of insecticide resistance render conventional control ineffective. A unique suite of biological traits - namely, a minuscule body size, thigmotactic behavior, and a cryptic lifestyle - enables them to thrive as invaders on diverse crops by keeping them concealed and limiting their direct exposure to chemicals. The over-reliance on chemical insecticides has triggered severe resistance and residue issues, necessitating a shift towards integrated pest management. This review examines the underlying mechanisms driving insecticide resistance in pest thrips. Furthermore, it provides an overview of the current landscape of integrated thrips management, from agronomic and biological tactics as well as physicochemical lure control methods to chemical resistance management and cutting-edge biotechnology interventions.