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Related Experiment Video

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Clinical Application of Intense Pulsed Light Therapy and Radio Frequency for Treatment of Ocular Surface Diseases

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Association Between Statin Use and Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

David Gou¹, Weilin Qiu², Vivian Chang³

¹Temerty Faculty of Medicine (D.G. and A.M.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

American Journal of Ophthalmology

|June 22, 2026

Summary

Statins, used for high cholesterol, show a small link to increased dry eye disease (DED) risk. Further research is needed due to low certainty evidence, but monitoring patients is advised.

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Published on: May 25, 2022

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology and Pharmacology
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Background:

Statins are widely prescribed for dyslipidemia.
Proposed mechanisms link statins to dry eye disease (DED) via meibomian gland cells.
Existing evidence on statin use and DED is inconsistent.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and meta-analyze the association between statin use and DED.
To pool available evidence to clarify the relationship between statins and DED.

Main Methods:

Systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
Searched multiple databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, etc.) up to November 2025.
Random-effects meta-analysis of six observational studies (n=560,821) using inverse-variance weighting.
Assessed risk of bias with ROBINS-E and certainty of evidence with GRADE.

Main Results:

A statistically significant positive association was found between statin use and DED (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.05-1.13).
This translates to an estimated 10.2 additional DED cases per 1,000 statin users.
The evidence certainty was rated as very low due to study design limitations and inconsistency.

Conclusions:

Statin use is associated with a small, statistically significant increase in DED risk.
The association is based on very low certainty evidence.
Clinicians should monitor for ocular surface symptoms in statin users, especially those with DED risk factors.