Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 24, 2026
15:43
Assessment of Mitochondrial Functions and Cell Viability in Renal Cells Overexpressing Protein Kinase C Isozymes
Published on: January 7, 2013
Mitochondrial Alterations and CKD
Jairo A Pinzon-Cortes1, Phoom Narongkiatikhun2, Long Yuan3
1Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Diabetes Department, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Summary
Mitochondrial dysfunction drives chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. Targeting these cellular powerhouses with novel therapies offers a promising strategy to improve kidney health and patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Mitochondrial Biology
- Cellular Metabolism
Background:
- Mitochondrial alterations are key in chronic kidney disease (CKD) pathogenesis.
- These changes impact energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and cellular responses in both diabetic and non-diabetic CKD.
- Understanding mitochondrial remodeling is crucial for developing effective treatments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advances in understanding mitochondrial remodeling in CKD.
- To highlight state-of-the-art methods for assessing mitochondrial health.
- To discuss therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial pathways in CKD.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on mitochondrial alterations in CKD.
- Discussion of advanced assessment techniques: high-resolution respirometry, metabolomics, transcriptomics, functional MRI, and PET imaging.
- Analysis of therapeutic agents modulating mitochondrial function.
Main Results:
- Mitochondrial remodeling involves changes in bioenergetics, dynamics, redox balance, and biogenesis in CKD.
- Various advanced techniques enable comprehensive assessment of mitochondrial health.
- Several therapeutic agents (e.g., SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, nsMRAs, NAD+ boosters) show promise.
Conclusions:
- Targeting mitochondrial adaptation is a compelling therapeutic strategy for CKD.
- Precision phenotyping using multi-omics and spatial profiling can guide individualized therapy.
- Improving mitochondrial health holds potential to enhance outcomes in patients with CKD.
Related Concept Videos
01:24Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
01:25Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
01:37Mitochondria
Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
01:46Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II
The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
01:28Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
01:45Mitochondrial Membranes
A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...