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Disseminated Tuberculosis With Cavitary Lung Disease in a Very Preterm Infant
Katherine M Laycock1, Boaz Karmazyn2, Kirsten Prabhudas-Strycker1,3
1The Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Disease and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
Pediatrics
|June 22, 2026
Summary
Tuberculosis (TB) screening during pregnancy is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment to prevent severe outcomes in mothers and infants. This case highlights the importance of perinatal TB awareness and timely intervention in the US.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Tuberculosis (TB) poses significant risks to pregnant women and infants globally.
- Increasing TB incidence in the US underscores the need for vigilance.
- Subtle, nonspecific symptoms in pregnant women and infants can delay TB diagnosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the critical need for perinatal TB screening and awareness.
- To emphasize the potential for congenital TB transmission.
- To discuss opportunities for timely diagnosis and care in pregnant women and infants.
Main Methods:
- Case report of a mother-infant dyad with disseminated TB.
- Review of TB screening recommendations by the CDC.
- Discussion of diagnostic challenges and opportunities for intervention.
Main Results:
- A mother and preterm infant developed severe disseminated TB, with likely congenital transmission.
- Delayed recognition of TB risk and symptoms contributed to delayed diagnosis and treatment.
- The infant experienced severe complications including cavitary lung disease and CNS involvement.
Conclusions:
- Timely perinatal TB diagnosis and care are essential, requiring antenatal screening and prompt treatment.
- Increased awareness of TB symptoms in pregnant women and infants is vital in the US.
- Severe outcomes in this case underscore the importance of perinatal TB vigilance.
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