[Factors influencing severity, therapeutic challenges, and preventive strategies in mucous membrane pemphigoid]

Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a rare autoimmune subepidermal blistering disorder predominantly affecting mucosal surfaces, including the oral cavity, ocular, nasal, tracheal, and esophageal epithelia. This disease frequently induces irreversible scarring, with severe manifestations potentially causing blindness, airway stenosis, and life-threatening complications. Consequently, early detection, accurate diagnosis, and prompt therapeutic intervention are critical for patients' outcomes. Diagnostic and therapeutic challenges arise from atypical initial presentations, limited sensitivity of immunological assays, and adverse effects associated with conventional therapies such as glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents. These limitations necessitate enhanced clinical recognition and proactive management to mitigate complications and reduce mortality.