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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance01:23

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance

The elimination half-life and drug clearance of drugs following nonlinear kinetics can vary with dosage. The Michaelis-Menten parameters and drug concentration influence these factors. As the dose increases, the elimination half-life tends to lengthen, resulting in a reduction in clearance and a disproportionately larger area under the curve. The total clearance can be derived from the Michaelis-Menten equation for drugs following a one-compartment model.
A study on guinea pigs examined the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
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The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

ADHD medication discontinuation and non-adherence: a Norwegian population-based register study.

Miguel Garcia-Argibay1,2,3,4, Tore Hofstad5,6, Ingvar Bjelland5,7

  • 1Centre for Population Health, Research Department, Division of Mental Health, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway miguel.garcia.argibay@helse-bergen.no.

BMJ Mental Health
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Medication adherence in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) declines with age and is lower in females. Older adolescents and girls are at higher risk for early ADHD medication cessation, requiring closer monitoring.

Keywords:
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior DisordersNeurodevelopmental DisordersPsychopharmacology

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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
10:02

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Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
13:09

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatrics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication adherence is crucial for long-term care, yet patterns in adolescents are not well-understood.
  • Age- and sex-specific medication adherence trajectories in pediatric ADHD populations require further characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate medication initiation, discontinuation, and long-term adherence in children and adolescents with ADHD.
  • To identify age- and sex-specific patterns in ADHD medication use within a real-world setting.

Main Methods:

  • A nationwide retrospective cohort study of 8961 children and adolescents (<18 years) diagnosed with ADHD.
  • Analysis of medication initiation rates, time to discontinuation, and longitudinal adherence over 9 years (2010-2021).

Main Results:

  • 74.3% of individuals initiated ADHD medication, with a median delay of 106 days.
  • Medication discontinuation significantly increased with age, with older adolescents (15-17 years) discontinuing earlier than younger children (5-11 years).
  • Females were also found to discontinue medication earlier than males, and older age at initiation and female sex were linked to steeper declines in medication coverage over time.

Conclusions:

  • ADHD medication discontinuation and low adherence are prevalent, particularly increasing through adolescence.
  • Females face a higher risk of early ADHD medication cessation, highlighting the need for tailored clinical support.
  • Close monitoring, shared decision-making, and sex-specific strategies are essential for managing ADHD treatment in late adolescence.