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Related Concept Videos

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
Coronary Artery Disease V: Interprofessional Care01:27

Coronary Artery Disease V: Interprofessional Care

Interprofessional care for coronary artery disease includes pharmacological therapy and revascularization procedures.Pharmacological therapy for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve patient outcomes through various classes of medications:Antiplatelet Agents:Aspirin and Clopidogrel: These medications inhibit platelet aggregation, preventing blood clots, which is crucial for avoiding heart attacks and strokes. Doctors often prescribe these...
Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
Lipid Absorption01:24

Lipid Absorption

Dietary triglycerides from chyme in the duodenum are mixed with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats. As a result, large droplets are broken down into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for enzymatic action. Once emulsified, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
These breakdown products bind with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles, which quickly pass between microvilli to come in close contact with the apical...
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Overview of Lipid Metabolism

Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles
09:15

Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles

Published on: November 10, 2017

Equitable lipid optimisation through a data-driven, pharmacist-led secondary prevention pathway.

Joshua Xu1, Jasjit Syan2,3, Hussein Alhakem2

  • 1James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK joshua.xu2@nhs.net.

Open Heart
|June 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A pharmacist-led clinic significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in high-risk patients. While target attainment was equitable across demographics, engagement was lower in the most deprived groups, indicating a need for improved reach.

Keywords:
AtherosclerosisHyperlipidemiasOutcome Assessment, Health Care

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Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs
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Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs

Published on: July 27, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles
09:15

Differential Effects of Lipid-lowering Drugs in Modulating Morphology of Cholesterol Particles

Published on: November 10, 2017

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs
08:18

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs

Published on: July 27, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a major health concern in the UK, with suboptimal cholesterol management contributing to significant mortality.
  • Disparities in cardiovascular risk exist based on ethnicity, sex, and socioeconomic status, necessitating targeted interventions.
  • Pharmacist-led lipid clinics offer a structured approach to improve patient care and reduce variations in cholesterol management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of an automated detection and referral system for a pharmacist-led lipid clinic.
  • To assess the impact on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) attainment in post-acute coronary syndrome patients.
  • To determine if outcomes vary by sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic deprivation.

Main Methods:

  • Patients with established ASCVD and elevated lipids were identified via coding and referred to pharmacist-led reviews.
  • Automated extraction of sex, ethnicity, age, and index of multiple deprivation (IMD) data was performed.
  • A pre-post design assessed the primary outcome of LDL-C ≤2.0 mmol/L attainment following structured consultations and treatment intensification.

Main Results:

  • The study included 204 patients, with 65% from diverse ethnic backgrounds and 71% male; mean baseline LDL-C was 3.39 mmol/L.
  • Following the intervention, mean LDL-C decreased to 1.97 mmol/L, with 70.6% achieving target levels.
  • LDL-C reductions were consistent across sex, ethnicity, and IMD quintiles, although engagement varied by deprivation level.

Conclusions:

  • A data-driven, pharmacist-led pathway effectively reduced LDL-C levels in high-risk patients.
  • While target attainment was equitable among engaged patients, low engagement from the most deprived group highlights challenges in achieving equitable reach.
  • Further research is needed to address barriers to access and ensure the long-term sustainability of such interventions.