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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Electrochemical Detection of Deuterium Kinetic Isotope Effect on Extracellular Electron Transport in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1
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Cation-driven envelope dynamics modulate outer membrane vesiculation and extracellular electron transfer in

Morgen M Clark1, Kazem Kashefi1, Gemma Reguera2

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Genetics, and Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.

Nature Communications
|June 22, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cation chemistry in growth media reprograms Geobacter bacteria's outer membrane functions. This impacts their pili and vesicle activity, influencing bioremediation and energy technologies effectiveness.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Geobacter bacteria utilize conductive pili and outer membrane vesicles for metal transformations.
  • These processes are vital for bioremediation and energy technologies.
  • Previous studies used media mimicking contaminated sites to understand Geobacter sulfurreducens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how subtle changes in media cationic strength affect Geobacter envelope functions.
  • To understand the role of cation chemistry in modulating vesiculation and pili activity.
  • To determine the impact on growth efficiency and metal mineralization.

Main Methods:

  • Culturing Geobacter sulfurreducens in media with varying cationic strengths.
  • Analyzing changes in outer membrane-peptidoglycan crosslinks.
  • Assessing vesiculation, pili-driven mineralization, and membrane adsorption via vesicles.

Main Results:

  • Media cationic strength reprogrammed outer membrane-peptidoglycan crosslinks, affecting envelope functions.
  • Cations like sodium and uranyl ions modulated envelope remodeling and cell behavior.
  • This influenced whether cells favored pili-driven uranium mineralization or vesicle-mediated adsorption/release.

Conclusions:

  • Cation chemistry is a key regulator of outer membrane vesiculation in Geobacter.
  • Envelope remodeling by cations determines the balance between pili and vesicle functions.
  • Findings highlight the importance of cation control for reproducible lab studies and effective bioremediation/energy applications.