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Structural basis of sex pheromone detection in aphids
Zhi Dong1, Yidong Wang1, Ying Tian2,3
1National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Bio-X, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Cell Research
|June 22, 2026
Summary
Insect odorant receptors (ORs) detect sex pheromones. Researchers structurally characterized the ApOR22-Orco complex, revealing how nepetalactone binding opens the ion channel, crucial for insect reproduction and pest control.
Area of Science:
- Molecular biology
- Neuroscience
- Structural biology
Background:
- Insect sex pheromones are vital for reproduction and species recognition.
- Odorant receptors (ORs) mediate pheromone detection, but their structures are largely unknown.
- Understanding pheromone perception is key for developing sustainable pest management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the structural basis of sex pheromone detection in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum.
- To characterize the interaction between aphid ORs and their specific pheromone components.
- To provide a structural foundation for novel pest control strategies.
Main Methods:
- Identification and functional characterization of aphid ORs and Orco.
- Ligand binding assays using pheromone components nepetalactone and nepetalactol.
- Cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structure of the ApOR22-Orco complex.
Main Results:
- Two aphid ORs (ApOR21, ApOR22) and Orco were identified, recognizing nepetalactone and nepetalactol.
- ApOR22-Orco forms a heterotetrameric ion channel.
- Nepetalactone binding to ApOR22 induces conformational changes, opening the ion channel pore.
Conclusions:
- The study reveals the mechanism of sex pheromone perception at a structural level.
- This provides insights into insect communication and reproduction.
- The findings support the development of targeted, environmentally friendly pest control methods.
