Urolithiasis in patients with cancer
Priya Dave1,2, Amy Yau3, A Ari Hakimi4
1Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
Nature Reviews. Urology
|June 22, 2026
Summary
Urolithiasis (kidney stones) is rising, especially in cancer patients who face unique stone risks. Management requires individualized care, with percutaneous nephrolithotomy often best for altered anatomy.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Oncology
- Urology
Background:
- Urolithiasis (kidney stones) incidence is increasing, linked to obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
- Cancer patients have heightened risks for stone formation due to cancer therapies, metabolic changes, and urinary tract alterations.
- Urolithiasis is associated with increased cancer risk, possibly due to chronic inflammation and shared risk factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the complex interplay between urolithiasis and cancer.
- To discuss management strategies and preventive measures for kidney stones in cancer patients.
- To highlight the need for further research in this area.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of current evidence on urolithiasis in cancer patients.
- Analysis of epidemiological trends, risk factors, and treatment outcomes.
- Discussion of preventive strategies and future research directions.
Main Results:
- Cancer patients present unique challenges for urolithiasis management.
- Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is effective for complex cases with altered anatomy.
- Preventive measures include metabolic evaluation, hydration, and managing cancer-specific risks.
Conclusions:
- Managing urolithiasis in cancer patients is complex and requires personalized approaches.
- Limited data exist on the epidemiology and optimal treatment of urolithiasis in this population.
- Prospective studies are essential to develop evidence-based guidelines.
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