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Development and Validation of an Early Post-Liver Transplant Activity Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire
Shuo Li1, Lixia Zhong2, Yulin Zheng3
1Department of Emergency, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Annals of Transplantation
|June 23, 2026
Summary
A new questionnaire effectively assesses intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) concerning early mobilization for liver transplant patients. This tool aids in evaluating and improving critical care for these patients.
Area of Science:
- Critical Care Medicine
- Nursing Research
- Transplantation Science
Background:
- Early mobilization is crucial for critically ill patients, especially post-liver transplantation.
- Assessing intensive care unit (ICU) nurses' knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) is vital for effective early mobilization protocols.
- Existing tools may not adequately capture the specific KAP of ICU nurses regarding early mobilization in liver transplant recipients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a reliable questionnaire to assess ICU nurses' KAP regarding early mobilization of critically ill liver transplant patients.
- To provide a standardized tool for evaluating the current state of knowledge, attitudes, and practices in this specific nursing population.
Main Methods:
- The questionnaire was developed based on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) theory, incorporating literature review, Delphi consultation, and pre-survey data.
- A survey was conducted in January 2024 among ICU nurses from 7 Chinese tertiary hospitals performing liver transplants, yielding 334 valid responses.
- Statistical analyses included content validity index (CVI), exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, split-half reliability, and retest reliability.
Main Results:
- The "Early Activity Assessment Tools for ICU Nurses after Liver Transplantation Based on the Theory of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice" comprises 40 items across knowledge (17), attitude (10), and practice (13) dimensions.
- The questionnaire demonstrated excellent content validity (CVI=0.937) and strong internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.976).
- Reliability analyses, including split-half (0.772) and retest (0.784), confirmed the tool's stability and consistency.
Conclusions:
- The developed questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing ICU nurses' KAP regarding early mobilization in liver transplant patients.
- This tool can effectively support the preliminary verification and subsequent improvement of nursing practices for early patient activity in the critical care setting.
- The findings highlight the importance of targeted assessment tools to enhance the implementation of early mobilization strategies in specialized critical care environments.
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