Platelet Activation Enhances Bioactive Molecules Concentration in Platelet Rich Plasma

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has gained significant attention in regenerative medicine due to its potential in tissue repair. This study evaluates the effects of different activators on the release of PRP-derived bioactive molecules. PRP was prepared from the blood of nine healthy volunteers. PRP samples were activated by calcium chloride (CaCl₂), collagen, polylactic acid (PLA) nano-powder and monofilament, and also carbon nano-powder and spherical powder. Non-activated PRP was used as a control group. All samples were analyzed for CD62P (P-selectin) expression; concentrations of growth factors and cytokines including transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), epidermal growth factor (EGF), interleukin (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); total protein concentration; and levels of calcium, potassium, and sodium ions. All activated groups exhibited elevated CD62P, TGF-β, and EGF levels compared to controls (p < 0.05). Total protein concentration increased significantly in all groups except carbon-activated PRP (p < 0.05). Collagen, PLA, and carbon activators notably enhanced IL-10 and TNF-α release versus CaCl₂ and controls (p < 0.05). However, ion concentration changes were not statistically significant. In conclusion, CaCl₂, collagen, PLA, and carbon effectively stimulate platelet activation, increasing growth factors, cytokines, and proteins in PRP. Nonetheless, their influence on specific bioactive molecules varies, highlighting the importance of activator selection for clinical applications.

The effect of different compounds on platelet activation. After the preparation and counting of PRP cells, the samples were activated with other compounds. The amount of ions, protein, growth factors, and cytokines present in the samples and the level of platelet activation were measured.