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Current Perspectives on Photodynamic Therapy for Skin Diseases: A Narrative Review
Katarzyna Beutler1, Danuta Nowicka2, Karolina Chilicka-Hebel3
1University Centre of General Dermatology and Oncodermatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology
|June 23, 2026
Summary
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses a photosensitizer, light, and oxygen to destroy abnormal cells for skin conditions. Research continues to improve PDT effectiveness and address limitations like pain and lesion thickness.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Photochemistry
- Oncology
Background:
- Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive treatment for skin diseases.
- PDT utilizes photosensitizers, light, and oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS).
- ROS selectively destroy abnormal cells, making PDT effective for various dermatological conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the established and emerging applications of PDT in dermatology.
- To discuss the mechanisms, advantages, and limitations of PDT.
- To highlight ongoing research directions for PDT enhancement.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of PDT applications in dermatology.
- Analysis of PDT mechanism involving photosensitizers, light, and oxygen.
- Evaluation of clinical outcomes and limitations in treating skin conditions.
Main Results:
- PDT is effective for actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease, and superficial basal cell carcinoma with good cosmetic results.
- Emerging evidence supports PDT for non-cancerous conditions like acne, photoaging, and infections.
- Limitations include treatment-related pain and reduced efficacy in thicker lesions.
Conclusions:
- PDT is a versatile dermatological treatment with established efficacy and expanding applications.
- Ongoing research focuses on improving photosensitizers, delivery, and light technologies.
- Further advancements aim to enhance PDT's clinical effectiveness and patient experience.
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