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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Weak Acid Solutions04:02

Weak Acid Solutions

Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Theory of Strong Electrolytes01:23

Theory of Strong Electrolytes

The interionic forces of the strong electrolytes depend on the solvent's dielectric constant, which is the ability of a solvent to store electrical energy, based on its polarizability. and the solution's concentration. In high-dielectric solvents and in dilute solutions, weak electrostatic forces keep ions apart. However, in low-dielectric solvents or concentrated solutions, stronger interionic forces may cause ions to pair up as ionic doublets despite being fully ionized. The theory of strong...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

A near-room temperature solid composite electrolyte enabled by lithiated sulfonated covalent organic frameworks.

Zexi Di1, Jiaxing Li1, Bingqi Li1

  • 1School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, China. wt863@just.edu.cn.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|June 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel solid-state composite electrolyte using a disulfonic acid-functionalized covalent organic framework. This advanced material shows promise for future electrochemical applications.

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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
10:03

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer tunable properties for advanced materials.
  • Solid-state electrolytes are crucial for safer and more efficient energy storage devices.
  • Developing robust composite electrolytes remains a key challenge in battery technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a disulfonic acid-functionalized COF, TpPa-(SO3Li)2.
  • To incorporate the synthesized COF into a polymer matrix for a solid-state composite electrolyte (SCE).
  • To characterize the physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties of the resulting SCE.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a disulfonic acid-functionalized covalent organic framework (TpPa-(SO3Li)2).
  • Fabrication of a solid-state composite electrolyte by incorporating the COF into a polymer matrix.
  • Comprehensive physical, chemical, and electrochemical characterization techniques.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of the TpPa-(SO3Li)2 COF.
  • Formation of a stable solid-state composite electrolyte.
  • Detailed characterization data confirming the material's properties (specific results pending full paper).

Conclusions:

  • The disulfonic acid-functionalized COF is a viable component for SCEs.
  • The developed SCE demonstrates potential for electrochemical applications.
  • Further research is warranted to optimize performance and explore specific applications.