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Related Concept Videos

The Electrical Double Layer01:30

The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
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Transport Number

The transport number is the fraction of the total current carried by an ion in an electrolyte solution. It is defined as the ratio of the current carried by a specific ion to the total current flowing through the solution. The transport number, t, is central to understanding ionic mobility, which describes how fast an ion moves under the influence of an electric field. This link connects the physical behavior of ions in solution to the chemical processes that occur during electrochemical...
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Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

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Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.

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Dynamic Ion Migration in 2D Halide Perovskites.

Minwook Jeon1, Jin Ho Bang1,2, Masaru Kuno3,4,5

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.

ACS Nano
|June 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Layered perovskites offer better stability than 3D versions, but ion migration persists. Understanding structural factors is key to improving perovskite device longevity.

Keywords:
2D perovskitesdefect chemistryhalide ion mixinghalide migrationiodine electrochemistryion mobilityoperational stabilityphotosegregationspacer cation migration

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Chemistry
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) and quasi-2D layered perovskites offer enhanced stability over 3D counterparts.
  • Despite improvements, ion migration (halide and cation) remains a significant challenge for perovskite optoelectronics.
  • Photoirradiation and electrochemical bias can accelerate ion migration and halide segregation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanistic understanding of ion migration in layered perovskites.
  • To connect structural parameters to lattice stability and ion mobility.
  • To provide design principles for enhancing perovskite device operational stability.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ion migration mechanisms in 2D and quasi-2D perovskites.
  • Analysis of strategies to mitigate ion migration, including structural and compositional control.
  • Discussion of thermodynamic and kinetic factors influencing ion migration.

Main Results:

  • Intrinsic iodine electrochemistry drives defect-mediated halide ion migration.
  • Strategies like controlling inorganic layer number (n), phase, crystal orientation, and spacer cation structure can mitigate migration.
  • A mechanistic understanding linking structural parameters to ion migration is still limited.

Conclusions:

  • Ion migration is a critical factor limiting the stability of perovskite optoelectronic devices.
  • Further research into the structure-property-migration relationships is needed.
  • Design principles derived from understanding ion migration can lead to more stable perovskite devices.