Ocular Neuropathic Pain: A Clinician's Approach

Ocular neuropathic pain (ONP) can be defined as "pain" or "discomfort" projected to eye because of a lesion or disease or physiological dysfunction of the nervous system. The diagnosis of ONP is a clinical one; history, eye examination, the anesthetic challenge, and in vivo confocal microscopy providing supportive roles in helping to distinguish nociceptive, nociplastic, and neuropathic pain. Multimodal treatment involving local agents and interventions, along with systemic agents, is often required.