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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Viability of Bioprinted Cellular Constructs Using a Three Dispenser Cartesian Printer
07:05

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Published on: September 22, 2015

3D Bioprinted Senescent Caco2 Modeling Using a Low-Cost DIY 3D Bioprinter: Challenges and Limitations.

Sofian Al Shboul1, Yazan Al Dweiri2,3, Mai F AlSakhen4,5

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.

Current Cancer Drug Targets
|June 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study explored creating a 3D bioprinted model for therapy-induced senescence (TIS) in cancer cells. While feasible, challenges in DIY 3D bioprinting require refinement for senolytic drug screening.

Keywords:
3D bioprinted cell modelsSenescenceSenescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)Therapy-induced senescenceβ-galactosidase (SA-β-gal).

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cancer Research
  • 3D Bioprinting Technology

Background:

  • Therapy-induced senescence (TIS) is crucial in cancer treatment response, yet most studies use 2D models.
  • Limited 3D models exist for TIS, hindering translation of preclinical findings.
  • This research addresses the need for advanced 3D TIS models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility and challenges of developing an in-house, doxorubicin-induced TIS 3D bioprinted cell model.
  • To assess key senescence markers and gene expression in a 3D bioprinted context.
  • To evaluate the potential of 3D bioprinting for future senolytic drug screening.

Main Methods:

  • A modified extrusion-based 3D printer was used to fabricate a Caco2 cell model.
  • The 3D bioprinted models were treated with doxorubicin (DOX) to induce TIS.
  • Senescence was assessed via SA-β-gal staining and real-time PCR for senescence regulators and SASP components.

Main Results:

  • Doxorubicin treatment increased SA-β-gal activity and expression of senescence markers (CDKN2A, CDKN2B, TP53).
  • Expression of SASP-related genes (MMP3, MMP9, CXCL8, TGF-β1) showed an increasing trend.
  • The study identified potential for detecting transcriptional SASP changes in 3D bioprinted models.

Conclusions:

  • Developing an in-house DIY 3D bioprinted TIS model presents challenges, including nozzle clogging and quantification difficulties.
  • Inter-print variation in gene expression necessitates further optimization.
  • DIY 3D bioprinting is a feasible approach for TIS research but needs improvement for senolytic screening.