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Related Concept Videos

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

In Vivo Functional Assessment of Rat Masseter Muscle Following Surgical Creation of a Volumetric Muscle Loss (VML) Injury
06:46

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Published on: November 15, 2024

Biosponges Embedded with GDNF Enhance Neuromuscular Recovery Following Volumetric Muscle Loss.

Jamshid Tadiwala1, Connor Tobo1, Kevin D Sekerak1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.

Tissue Engineering. Part A
|June 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows that combining Biosponge (BSG) scaffolds with glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) significantly improves muscle function and preserves neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) after volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury in rats.

Keywords:
biomaterialsgrowth factorneuromuscular junctionsvolumetric muscle loss

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Volumetric muscle loss (VML) causes irreversible loss of muscle mass and function, including damage to neuromuscular junctions (NMJs).
  • Biosponge (BSG) scaffolds aid VML recovery but do not improve NMJ quantity.
  • Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promotes motor neuron survival and neurite outgrowth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of BSG scaffolds electrostatically coupled with GDNF for enhancing muscle regeneration and preserving NMJs after VML.
  • To evaluate the impact of GDNF-loaded BSG scaffolds on functional recovery and histological outcomes in a rodent VML model.

Main Methods:

  • BSG scaffolds were loaded with GDNF using gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs).
  • VML injury was induced in the tibialis anterior muscle of male Lewis rats.
  • Functional recovery (peak isometric torque) and NMJ integrity were assessed at 6 weeks post-VML.

Main Results:

  • BSG + GNP + GDNF treatment significantly increased peak isometric torque by ~25% compared to BSG + GNP alone.
  • Histological analysis showed enhanced overlap of pre- and postsynaptic structures at NMJs in the GDNF-treated group.
  • GDNF incorporation also slowed the remodeling and degradation of BSG scaffolds.

Conclusions:

  • BSG-mediated GDNF delivery is a promising strategy for mitigating NMJ loss following VML.
  • This approach effectively enhances muscle functional recovery and preserves neuromuscular integrity post-VML.
  • Combining biomaterial scaffolds with neurotrophic factors offers a potent therapeutic avenue for complex muscle injuries.