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Related Concept Videos

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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

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Targeted Cancer Therapies

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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
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Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo
09:19

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: February 6, 2015

Carboplatin Elicits ROS Responses and Potentially Regulates Translation Program in Cancer Systems.

Qin Li1, Si Qin1, Liuxin Yang2

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, P. R. China.

Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology
|June 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Platinum drugs like carboplatin increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) and up-regulate mitochondrial genes. This suggests a link between mitochondrial function and chemotherapy response, impacting cancer treatment.

Keywords:
anticancermitochondrial translationplatinum drugs reactive oxygen speciesribosome stress

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo
09:19

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cancer Drug Sensitization In Vitro and In Vivo

Published on: February 6, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Platinum-based chemotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment, primarily targeting nuclear DNA.
  • Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a known consequence of platinum chemotherapeutics, but the underlying mechanisms and biological responses remain unclear.
  • Understanding ROS generation pathways is crucial for optimizing platinum drug efficacy and managing side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pathways by which platinum drugs, using carboplatin as a model, generate ROS.
  • To explore the biological responses to ROS elevation, including mitochondrial function and gene expression.
  • To identify potential molecular targets, such as SSBP1, that may influence chemotherapy efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression in carboplatin-treated cancer cells.
  • Measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.
  • Examination of antioxidant enzyme expression and mitochondrial gene regulation.
  • Assessment of single-stranded DNA-binding protein 1 (SSBP1) expression in cancer cells and tumor tissues.

Main Results:

  • Carboplatin treatment led to elevated ROS levels and increased expression of antioxidant enzymes.
  • Genes involved in mitochondrial translation and respiration were upregulated, contributing to ROS production.
  • Mitoribosome stress response genes were also upregulated, suggesting a regulatory role in mitochondrial function.
  • Single-stranded DNA-binding protein 1 (SSBP1) expression was increased in carboplatin-treated cells and tumor tissues.

Conclusions:

  • Platinum drugs induce ROS production partly through the upregulation of mitochondrial translation and respiration.
  • Mitochondrial stress responses and regulators like SSBP1 may play a significant role in mediating cellular responses to platinum chemotherapy.
  • The interplay between mitochondrial translation and ROS signaling is critical for understanding and potentially improving the clinical application of platinum-based anticancer agents.