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Related Concept Videos

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Microbiome of the Eye01:22

Microbiome of the Eye

The human eye has a specialized microbiota that reflects its unique anatomical and immunological environment. This low-biomass microbial community predominantly colonizes the conjunctiva and eyelid margins, playing a vital role in ocular surface homeostasis and defense. Despite its proximity to the richly colonized facial skin, the ocular surface maintains a distinct microbial profile due to continuous mechanical and biochemical defense mechanisms.The conjunctival surface hosts fewer microbial...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Intense Pulsed Light for the Treatment of Dry Eye Owing to Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
05:00

Intense Pulsed Light for the Treatment of Dry Eye Owing to Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Published on: April 1, 2019

Core-Shell Structured BPNS@Gel: A Smart-Responsive, Multimechanistic Nanotherapeutic for Dry Eye Disease.

Liying Luo1, Xiao Jin2, Zhiqiang Guan3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200050, PR China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|June 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel core-shell nanomedicine platform effectively treats dry eye disease by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. This innovative approach enhances ocular surface repair and tear production for improved eye health.

Keywords:
IL-6/JAK/STAT pathwayblack phosphorus nanosheetsdry eye diseasehydrogelmacrophage polarizationoxidative stress

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Intense Pulsed Light for the Treatment of Dry Eye Owing to Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
05:00

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Published on: April 1, 2019

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues
06:38

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues

Published on: August 4, 2022

Establishment of A Mouse Model of Aqueous Deficiency Dry Eye
05:21

Establishment of A Mouse Model of Aqueous Deficiency Dry Eye

Published on: November 1, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Ophthalmology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Dry eye disease (DED) is a common ocular disorder characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress, with current treatments having limited efficacy.
  • Existing therapies for DED often suffer from poor bioavailability, short retention times, and a lack of multi-target action.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel core-shell nanomedicine platform, BPNS@Gel, for enhanced treatment of dry eye disease.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of BPNS@Gel in vitro and in a preclinical DED mouse model.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a core-shell structure with functionalized black phosphorus nanosheets (f-BPNS) and a thermoresponsive hydrogel.
  • Characterization of f-BPNS mucoadhesion, enzyme-mimetic activities, and hydrogel thermoresponsiveness and drug release kinetics.
  • In vitro assessment of biocompatibility, corneal epithelial uptake, macrophage phenotype modulation, and tissue repair.
  • Evaluation of BPNS@Gel efficacy in a benzalkonium chloride-induced DED mouse model, assessing tear secretion, tear film stability, and corneal integrity.

Main Results:

  • The BPNS@Gel platform demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and targeted corneal delivery.
  • In vitro studies showed significant ROS scavenging, M1 to M2 macrophage reprogramming, and promotion of corneal epithelial repair and goblet cell regeneration.
  • In vivo studies in a DED mouse model revealed significant improvements in tear secretion, tear film stability, and corneal integrity with long-term biocompatibility.

Conclusions:

  • The core-shell BPNS@Gel platform offers a promising, multi-mechanistic therapeutic strategy for dry eye disease.
  • This nanomedicine design represents a paradigm shift for smart, targeted therapies aimed at restoring ocular surface homeostasis.
  • The developed platform holds potential for treating DED and other inflammatory ocular surface conditions.